Internal-combustion engine.



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Patented M1123 JOHNSTON & 0. I; LONGENEGKER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.13, 1911.

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E. A. JOHNSTON 6x0. I. LONGEN EOKER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.13, 1911. LMOMOOB Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

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I. JhSSIGNUES T INTEENATKOHAL HARVESTER LONGENEGKER, or omolieo, rumors, COMPAJSIY, e oonronsrron' or INTEHNAL-QQ1VZEUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Licence To aZZwhom it may concern:

"i'ul" Improvements in lntcrnel-Gomhush i .i izi'on engines, and in psrhiculsr ice moth euiomeiically controlling the temps Engines, of which the following is e spcoili- 'cationi Our invention relates to internal cuinhus cure Within the cylinder combustion chamber whereby any excess heads is r m idly dissipeced and carried away intern tenliy by successive discharges of volumes of steam. and. hot water from the WELlJGX l engine on Elli some surrounding the cylinder and cone ustionchsmber, followed by. on inflow of colder water thereto, the frequency of iii"- chsrge ole ending upon the load upon the d consequent change in volume the explosive mixture consumed.

- 0m" invention may be practised by means of file mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- y I Figure 1 represents s side QlQViIlilOIl on internal combustion engine designed to coeretc in accordance with our method; Bis an end elevation of Fig. 1; and l k is a fragmentary View in section of arl;

she water supply means connected WliJil *Lhs "Wa ter chamber of the cylinder.

The some reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views 1 represents a base frame, upon which. is

mountedan engine frame 2, having e crenlr shaft 3 journaled at one end thereoi end a power cylinder l secured at irs opposite end. The cylinder is surrounded by an annular "Water receiving chamber 5 common to class of engines indicated, and is provided with an. intake valve 6 opening into the coin.- bustion chamber and communicating with 21v carburetor mechanism 7" 8 indicates a casing surrounding centrslly arranged. conduit 9 forming port of the carburetor, the casing-having a chamber for the reception of Water.

10 indicates a Water supply pipe leading to the chamber, and 11 an overflow pipe leading therefrom.

12 represents the exhaust valve mechanisin, and 13 the exhaust pipe leading" there lrom.

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Application filed Bebrnery 13, 1911. Serial No. W333i 14.- represents a cooling water suooly her-h carried by 'efihe boss frame and addpiedio contain 2 body of Walker in. its lower irorfzion and having upper portion open ro ehe oi:- mosphere and provided with osprey nice 15 across its upper end.

16 represents a weizer circuioiinc' pump mounted upon a bracket 1? secure to ihe engine frame, having a plunger 31.8 con neclted by means of o, oi snuin ill wiizh eocentric 20 secured to the engine she; i s a valve chamber 21, valve chamber loci connected with the lower part of the router supply tank by an inflow pipe 22 and wish the upper end of a condenser 23, located shove the Water tank, the valve cheinher being connected with rho condenser hy means of an outflow pipe 24, ihe lower end of the condenser being connected with the spray pipe 15 by means of e curved pipe 25.

26 represents a feed pipe connected Wllil'l the outflow pipe leading from the pump below its connection with the ndeiiser end leading to the pipe 10 c'onnecied with. the water chamber of the cerhureter mechanism and supplying a continuous low of water thereto.

' E37 represents an eduction pipe heving one end communicating with the Willie? chamber surroundiru the cylinder inherme diets its length, and its opposite end with the'condenser below the connection of fiche outflow pipe from the Water pump therewith.

28 represents a constant level gravity feed Water-cup at; one side of Lhe engine cy r der and having its lower end communicating with the water chamber surrounding said cylinder by means of a duct 29 36 represents a check valve in the (lllCl; that closes against the Water pressure in ifiho cyl ind er.

3i. represents an overflow. pipe leading from near. the upper end of lzhe cup he i bottom of the water supply haul: and pro vided with a ichccli: valve 32 #:hci closes against the tank. Lhe upper of the cup 28 is opproximuiely in the some hori zoni al plane as the uopcr Wall of the power cylinder, and the not 29 coininunicshes with the Water chamber below she upperice .atemperature in the cylinder and combustion chamber in order that the oil may be properly vaporized, and not subsequently condense, than-with the use of a lighter hydrocarbon, such as gasolene, and it is nec-' essary to provide means whereby the temperature maybe controlled at 'a-*substanmay constant value evenunder varying engine load conditions and in spite of accompanying variationsi'n the quant ty 'of fuel burned. It vis a common ractice to 4 provide means for producing a .f rced con ciently highfor efiective vaporization of' the hydrocarbon or the prevention" of condensation of fuel previously vaporized. To restore proper operative conditions the supply of cooling water must be reduced in order to meet the changed conditions of heat supply. Various means have been provided by others for regulatin the flow of water, all more or less depen ent'upon the care and watchfulness of the operator.

We have discovered a method of accomplishing the desired result of automatically I controlling the flow of the water so as to remove heat from the walls approximately in'proportion to the rate at which they receive heatas varying amounts of explosive mixture are burned and so establishing and l automatically maintaining a reasonably constant temperature condition of the walls lot the combustion chamber at all engine doads. Our method consists in a particular made of admitting water to and discharging it, together with some steam, from the jacket that we have found suitable for the purpose and that depends on certain prop .erties of'steam and water. A body. of water, ,if locally heated, may remain compare tiyely cool at other points and, in fact, by reason of its slow heat conducting power have steam ockets near the localized heat supply whi e other parts are quite cool. The water in-a gas engine cylinder and head jacket is heated unequally, the supply of heat from the fuel in combustion "to the water being mainly concentrated near the cylinder head or to the surrounding and containingwalls of what is commonly known as the combustion chamber.

5 Accordingly such a jacket may have water .boiling'near the head end and be compara- "as'fast as the heat su the steam, but as no steam temperatureg ti'vely cool at the crank end with warm water of varying degrees between. We utilize the pressure'of the steam thus formed to discharge. some of the hotwater through a suitably located outlet, which also serves l as-a steam pressure relief, and we utilize in the jacket, andthis, in turn, by an inflow of more cool water. Inflow of cool water and discharge of hot water and steam occur in'succession and intermittently and ply is able to make ischarge takes place until steam forms, the combustion chamber walls are periodically and at short but properly proportionate periods brought up to which, being constant, keeps the walls at substantially constant temperature. When the engine is first started the temperature within the cylinder being comparatively low,

in the same horizontalplane as the upper level of the water chamber, will fill the chamber to the same level; but followin the first discharge of steam and water t erefrom, a volume of steam collects in the upper level that has sulficient pressure to hold back the inflow of water, leaving more or less of the chamber unoccupied by water, depending upon the frequency of discharge and pressure of the steam.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an internal combustion engine havmg a power cylinder and a cooling'water chamber surrounding said cylinder,- the method which consists in intermittently admitting to said power cylinder char es of exploding mixture, successively exp oding said charges in said cylinder, thereby liberating heat to the walls of the cylinder, then absorbing this liberated heat by water in the water chamber until some of'the water is changed to steam, then intermittently discharging hot waterand steam from the water chamberby expansion of the steam,-

a the water flowing from the constant level cup having-its overflow outlet approximately and intermittently admitting colder water to take the place of the hot water and steam discharged for automaticall holdin said walls at a temperature suita le for e cient combustion of the fuel, the frequency of this intermittent interchange being governed automatically by the quantity of heat liberated by the fuel consumed.

2. The method of maintaining substanwhence tielly constant the temperature ct: the cyl inder "walls of an operating internal combustion engine having a cooling chamber adjacent the cylinder, consisting in filling the chamber with a cold liquid, absorbing heat liberated by the engine by the cold liquid until some of the llquid in said charm ber' ischanged into a gas or vapor thereby generating a ressure in said chamber, in termittently riving art of the remain ing liquid from said 0 amber by the gas or vapor pressure so generated, and supplying intermittently cold liquid to take the place of the liquid thus driven out of the chamber.

3. The method of maintaining substantielly constant the tempereture of the cylinder walls of an operating internal combustion engine having a cooling water chamber, consisting in absorption of heat liberated by the engine by water in said chamber until some of the Water is changed to steam, then "intermittent ex ulsion cg Water from the chamber caused y the expension of said generated steam in snicl chamber, vend intermittent induction of weter to take the place of the water expelled.

" EDWARD A. JOHNSTON.

CHARLES I. LONGENECKER. Witnesses:

A. A. JONES? T. F. Gnow. 

